Equity comp tools for biotech & pharma

Your equity is a clinical trial. Plan like it.

Track your RSUs and options, find out whether your ESPP sale qualifies, and see what exercising ISOs will cost you in AMT before you do it. The tools run on 2026 federal tax rules.

Start here · Guide 1

The money order of operations

This is the order I walk friends through: what to do with each extra dollar, step by step. Each step is roughly the best use of money until it's done. Check off what you've finished to see your next move.

Extras: prepay mortgage, 529, real estate
Taxable investing: 3-fund portfolio
Tax-advantaged: HSA, Roth, 401(k), ESPP
Safety net: 6–12 months of expenses
Kill high-interest debt
Foundation: budget, starter fund, 401(k) match
Your next step: 1. Know your numbers & goals

2026 limits per IRS. Catch-up contributions (50+ for 401(k)/IRA, 55+ for HSA) add more. This is a general framework, not personal advice.

The 3-fund portfolio (the Bogle way)

Own the whole market cheaply and stop trying to pick winners. You need three funds:

  • Total US stock (e.g., VTI, FSKAX, SWTSX)
  • Total international stock (e.g., VXUS, FTIHX, SWISX)
  • Total US bond (e.g., BND, FXNAX, SWAGX)

Your risk tolerance sets the stock/bond split, and you rebalance once a year. One common rule of thumb puts roughly 60–70% of the stock portion in US and 30–40% in international. Tickers are examples, not recommendations.

Risk tolerance and goals

  • Time horizon: money needed within 3 years goes in cash or T-bills. For 3–10 years, use a mix. For 10+ years, mostly stocks.
  • Ability vs. willingness: you might be able to stomach a 30% drop on paper. Would you actually hold through one?
  • The biotech twist: your paycheck, bonus and equity already ride on one volatile sector. That's a reason to keep the rest of your portfolio boring. Skip the biotech ETF; you already own plenty of biotech.
ProfileUSIntlBonds
Aggressive (20+ yrs)60%30%10%
Moderate (10–20 yrs)50%20%30%
Conservative (<10 yrs)30%15%55%

More guides

Coming soon

Backdoor Roth, step by step

Contribute, convert, file Form 8606, and avoid the pro-rata trap.

Coming soon

Where to park cash

HYSA vs. T-bills vs. SGOV vs. I bonds, and why Treasuries win in high-tax states.

Coming soon

The HSA as a stealth retirement account

Invest it, save receipts and reimburse yourself decades later.

Coming soon

Roth vs. traditional 401(k)

Why high earners usually go pre-tax, and when they shouldn't.

Coming soon

Mega backdoor Roth

How to check if your plan allows it and how to set it up.

Coming soon

Robo-advisor vs. DIY

When Wealthfront or Betterment is worth the fee, and when a 3-fund portfolio is all you need.

Coming next

Built for the moments that only happen in biotech.

Taxes

RSU withholding gap

Your company withholds 22% on vests, but your bracket may be 35%. See what you'll owe in April before it's a surprise.

Compliance

10b5-1 & trading windows

Plan sales around blackout periods and set up a 10b5-1 plan before the next readout.

Playbook

"We're being acquired"

What happens to your unvested RSUs, underwater options and ESPP in a deal.

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